Brine processing is at the heart of NEOM’s circular water economy. For a long time, environmentally responsible disposal of the brine generated as a by-product of seawater desalination has been a challenge. NEOM, however, saw this as an opportunity to optimize the harvesting of minerals and metals that brine contains and aims to develop both a revenue stream and an environmentally sustainable method of dealing with the ‘waste’ from desalination.